James Stuart Blackton (USA/UK)
When Blackton interviewed Thomas Edison back when Blackton was working as a journalist, he mentioned that he was interested in drawing, and Edison gave him the opportunity to draw him, this changed Blacktons career as he became a cameraman, director and one of the founders of animation.
Humorous Phases of funny faces (1906)
The Enchanted Drawing (1900)
The Haunted Hotel (1907)
Emile Cohl (France)
Cohl was a member of 'The Incoherents', who believed in the power of the ridiculous and ludicrous. They basically were the beginning of surrealists and conceptual artist.
Cohl created a new medium of character in which his characters were stretched and distorted, came apart and had the ability to transform into an object or animals.
Fanatmagorie (1908)
Martin Thornton (UK)
His style was a combination of Stop motion and live action.
He was credited with being the first to use coloured animation. This was made with the Kinemacolour Process. Before the Kinemacolour, all frame were tinted with colour by hand.
In Golliwog Land (1912)
Winsor Mccay (USA)
Winsor was largely self taught, he is considered one of the first classical animators.
He had a realistic use of perspective, precise lines and intricate drawings
He was also one of the first animators to review and refine his animations before filming them.
Gertie the Dinosaur (1914)
Ladislaw Starwicz (Russia)
This artist is famous for using insects as the stars of his films, he would remove their legs and reattach them with wax to allow the to be posed in his animations.
The Beautiful Leukanida (1910)
The Cameraman's Revenge (1912)
D.W Griffith
Griffith saw the potential of film as a narrative and borrower techniques from porter, Guy, Melies and Films.
Between 1908 and 1913 he directed an estimate of 450 films
He used existing techniques to create a use of cross cutting for suspense, the use of fade outs to express the passage of time and a deeper us of close ups.
He essentially advertised himself as the inventor of cinematic grammar and the sole innovator in the industry, even thought he wasn't.
The one thing that he did bring to film was a sense of speed and pacing.
He created films of different Genres including comedy and romances westerns and gangster films.
Birth of a Nation (1915)
Birth of a Nation was a film with a large cast and a large budget of $110,000 which was unheard of at the time, The film itself remains a at the center of debate and controversy. It is a film set about the south during the American Civil War.
Birth of a Nation - Homework
What is the name of the book that the film is based on?
The Clansman, By Thomas Dixon
Who does the film portray as the hero's?
A southern state family, and The Ku Klux Klan
Who used the film as a recruiting tool?
The KKK
How are The African American men portrayed?
The lead male African American were portrayed by white men with blackface. The African American servant characters were portrayed as having an excessive willingness to serve or please others and the African American South Carolina Legislature are portrayed as unruly, being extremely lazy and eating fried chicken and drinking booze on the job.
Oscar Micheauz made a film called Within our Gates (1919) as a response to a Birth of a Nation - why?
Oscar wanted to show the accusation of 'primitivism' defined as a belief in the value of what is simple and unsophisticated, expressed as a philosophy of life or through art or literature. back onto white southern culture. one example of this was the films portrayal of lynching. The portrayal showed "what blacks new and northern whites refused to believe"
What was the name of Griffiths follow up film?
Intolerance: love's struggle throughout the ages
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